factors affecting disease development slideshare

The general concept of "filters" proposed by Combes includes "encounter filters" (behavior, biodiversity) and "compatibility filters" (resources, defense) to explain mechanisms responsible for the formation of host-parasite coexistence. Host Factors Pathogen Factors Environmental Factors Effect of Human Cultural Practices and Control Measures (Human Activities) Time factors Factors 16. FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT: Maternal Nutrition Child Nutrition Early Sensory Stimulation. • Generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Whether or not they are intended to do so, advertising and promotional activi­ ties appear to influence risk factors for adolescent . A susceptible. 5. Host factors • Host factors are intrinsic factors that influence an individual's exposure, susceptibility, or response to a causative agent. Although this field is still at a very preliminary stage, whereby the functional properties of the complex gut microbiome remain less understood . • "Rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade . Most viral infections are subclinical, suggesting that body defenses . The nonshared The plants derived from such cells are referred to somaclones. However, differences in ethnic factors may affect the efficacy and safety of drugs even within Asia; carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is one such example. Persons who have TB disease are usually infectious and may spread the bacteria to other people. A critical premise of epidemiology is that disease and other health events do not occur randomly in a population, but are more likely to occur in some members of the population than others because of risk factors that may not be distributed randomly in the population. Plant disease epidemiology - Meaning and importance, difference between simple and compound interest diseases - Factors affecting plant disease epidemics - host, pathogen, environment and time factor Edpidemiology or epiphytology is the study of the outbreak of disease, its course, from publication: The complementary roles of Phase 3 trials and post-licensure surveillance in the evaluation of new vaccines | Vaccines . Small Businesses are often regarded as high risk operations locally and globally rate at which drug crosses the placenta and amount of drug reaching the fetus. Disease will ONLY occur if these three factors interact simultaneously. Moisture. Respiratory viruses are spread from person to person via various modes of transmission, including direct and indirect contact, droplet spray, and aerosol. Thus, the figure illustrates one of the paradigms in plant pathology; that is . Primary Factors. • Temperature • Moisture • Wind • Light • Soil pH Environmental Factors Influences 1) Growth & susceptibility of host 2) Multiplication & activity of pathogen 3) Interaction between the host & pathogen (3) 4. The environmental factors that have the most noticeable effect on micro ing as an external cue to smoke (Centers for Disease Control [CDC] 1990a). Factors Affecting Development. Truong Thi Ngoc Chi 1 and Ryuichi Yamada 2 ABSTRACT Farmers' changes of technology use are influenced by technical training, meeting, oral transmission, trust on technician and belief level on technology. 1. When variation in . Uncertainties remain with respect to the relative importance of these factors and the . 17. For economic growth, the existence of natural resources in abundance is essential. The top six leading risk factors are all linked to potential development of long-term diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancers. In contrast, endemic (enphytotic) diseases occur at relatively . To date, very few studies have been conducted in the Vaal Triangle region to identify and quantify the key factors that are responsible for failure in small and medium-sized enterprises. A lower HDI close to zero indicates a less developed country. Factors Affecting. Overview of NCD's and Risk Factors . What are the three factors required for photosynthesis? Section 8: Concepts of Disease Occurrence. Policy and socio-economic factors affecting adoption of forages have not been investigated with sufficient attention. However, environmental factors and nurturing can bring the best out of the already present qualities in the genes. External factors include both natural and human factors. Among the natural resources, the land area and the quality of the soil, forest wealth, good river system, minerals and oil-resources, good and bracing climate, etc., are included. Learning in individual is a complex phenomenon that depends on a multitude of factors such as the teacher, the learner, the institutional environment among others. Factors affecting growth and development 1. Factors for successful disease development 9. Various limiting constraints have been shown to affect the widespread adoption of dual-purpose forages as hedgerow species among smallholder farmers in the Philippine uplands. Education. Bad effects can be caused by: a) too much rain or irrigation, which can lead to . Such attention has resulted from observations of increasing resistance of microorganisms to the usual antibiotics, the identification of formerly unknown disease agents and the diseases they cause, and the realization that the concept of globalization includes global exposure to disease . pathogen, and a . From longstanding to emerging hazards, environmental factors are a root cause of a significant burden of death, disease and disability - particularly in developing countries. Pathogenic mechanisms include implantation of the virus at a body site (the portal of entry), replication at that site, and then spread to and multiplication within sites (target organs) where disease or shedding of virus into the environment occurs. 858 Words4 Pages. Despite the great popularity of endurance running as a recreational activity during leisure time, there is no consensus on the best practice for recreational runners to effectively train to reach their individual objectives and improve physical performance in a healthy . The following are the factors affecting teaching related to the teacher in the teaching-learning process: Subject Knowledge: There is a saying that a teacher is only as good as what they know. It does this by preventing the body from defending itself efficiently. Apart from that desiccation or drying has a severe effect on microbes. HOUSING. It is important to examine the role of these factors in addition to the biological All three factors are necessary for development of a plant disease, thus, disease can be affected by altering any of these three factors . Disease Triangle 8. Endurance running has become an immensely popular sporting activity, with millions of recreational runners around the world. A predisposing factor to disease is a substance, event, characteristic or condition that contributes to the disease's onset. the combination of genetic factors, shared environment, and nonshared environments that influence psychological development in siblings. Coronary heart disease is a type of heart disease that develops when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The resulting impacts are estimated to cause about 25% of death and disease globally, reaching nearly 35% in regions such as sub . factors affecting placental drug transfer and drug effects on fetus the physicochemical properties of drug. economic factors, also influence the contextual balance of variables that are related to the health and disease process in children and adolescents. The 2009 National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (NRC and IOM) report gives careful consideration to the individual risk and protective factors that affect healthy MEB development in children and adolescents (NRC and IOM, 2009).These factors are considered within a model in which the child is at the center of concentric rings of . It indicates the level of human development. a. Genetic factors: - It plays an as yet poorly defined role in therapeutic drug monitoring, as is the case of the poor ability of some racial groups to acetylated drugs. The disease triangle ( Figure 1) is one of the first concepts encountered by college students in an introductory plant pathology course (1) and often may be re-encountered in higher level classes as a fundamental principle of the factors involved in disease causation. Disease Triangle 5. factors) play a role in the development of chronic disease. Priority risks and future trends. The environmental factors include: 1. Health and Human Development - Factors that affect food selection: subcultures Subcultures * Similarly, children who grow up learning to adhere to specially chosen or prepared foods for religious reasons will continue to be influenced by these experiences. socioeconomic and cultural factors, the same parents, the same community, religion etc.). SA is ranked 123-187. 94 Factors Affecting Health. Some people have a genetic predisposition to develop respiratory diseases. To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Nutrition plays a large role, as well, and includes not only the child's nutrition but also the prenatal nutrition and the health of the child's mother. Cigarette advertising appears to affect young people's perceptions of the per­ This interference with one or more of a plant's essential physiological or biochemical systems elicits . (C) Bimodal curve polycyclic disease, such as apple scab, in which the blossoms and the fruit are infected at different, separate times. favorable environment. Development Agency, 2013: 1-5; Ladzani & Netswera, 2009: 14-21). The two main factors affecting population growth are the birth rate (b) and death rate (d).Population growth may also be affected by people coming into the population from somewhere else (immigration, i) or leaving the population for another area (emigration, e). 1 Brain diseases carry with them an estimated yearly economic burden of 789 billion Euro, 2 placing a considerable burden on personal, social, and economic well-being. To date, very few studies have been conducted in the Vaal Triangle region to identify and quantify the key factors that are responsible for failure in small and medium-sized enterprises. fPRE HARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY IN POST HARVEST SHELF LIFE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ARE: Water supply (Irrigation): Growing plants need a continuous water supply for both photosynthesis and transpiration. tobacco use (USDHHS 1994). Once the disease is established, these factors may also trigger symptoms. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT: There are many factors, both biological and environmental, that impact on child health and development - genetic, familial, environmental, community and societal. Knowledge of the factors underlying disease emergence can help focus resources on the key situations and areas worldwide (3,4) and develop more effective prevention strategies. are the three factors composing the plant disease triangle. Nutrient intake - Need for . plant disease - plant disease - Epiphytotics: When the number of individuals a disease affects increases dramatically, it is said to have become epidemic (meaning "on or among people"). The table below shows the ten most common risk factors that caused a large portion of total global deaths in 2004 according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Lifestyle factors that affect individuals, such as tobacco use and physical inactivity, are increasingly recognized as playing a role in the development of chronic disease. 20. Increasing evidence indicates environmental factors which affect these experiences (and whether these factors are facilitators or barriers). 80% of the bacterial cell is made up of water. Factors determining Bacterial Pathogenicity Pathogenic bacteria have evolved a number of different mechanisms, which result in disease in the host. Many of these factors are related, and the systemic factors act through the local effects affecting wound healing. If we are to protect ourselves against emerging diseases, the essential first step is effective global disease surveillance to give early warning of emerging infections . Factors for successful disease development 6. 2. The length and regularity of menstrual cycles reflect changes in ovarian steroid production (1, 2).Premenopausal steroid hormone levels may have an important influence on subsequent development of chronic diseases in women (1- 5).Therefore, studies to assess factors affecting menstrual cycle characteristics . The pH influences the antimicrobial activity by altering the disinfectant molecule or the cell surface 413. ; Microbial action is caused by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeasts etc., which readily affects the perishable food crops like fruits and vegetables. The ICF conceptualises a person's level of functioning as a dynamic interaction between her or his health conditions, environmental factors, and personal factors. Moreover, the social, cultural, political and economic environment can aggravate the health of populations unless healthy lifestyles are actively promoted. host . An HDI close to 1 indicates a highly developed country. Virus transmission is affected by a number of factors, including environmental determinants, host behavior, host defense mechanisms, and virus infectivity. A more precise term when speaking of plants, however, is epiphytotic ("on plants"); for animals, the corresponding term is epizootic. A teacher who knows his subjects well can only . Includes both social and economic factors. Several factors can affect physical development in early childhood. Therefore, the presence of a free water molecule is important for the optimum growth of the microorganism. for photosynthesis. progression from LTBI to TB disease (Figure 2.4). Diseases most commonly occur during wet, warm days and night and on plants heavily fertilized with nitrogenous fertilizers. Disease progress curve (A) Saturation type of curve Three monocyclic diseases of different epidemic rates. Interest toward the human microbiome, particularly gut microbiome has flourished in recent decades owing to the rapidly advancing sequence-based screening and humanized gnotobiotic model in interrogating the dynamic operations of commensal microbiota. By, Kavya.M, M.K.813, IIIAg.Ma.Co., U.A.S (B). Disease Triangle Three important components of plant disease : Susceptible host Virulent pathogen Favorable environment For disease to occur all three of these must be present. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have been receiving increasing attention for more than two decades. According to Humans Resources and Skills Development Canada, "A safe and comfortable place to live is fundamental to our sense of wellbeing. For example, common non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease . The virulence factors and determinants used by bacteria to interact with the host can be unique to specific pathogens or conserved across several different species or even genera. Illness and physical abnormalities greatly influence a child's physical development. What factors affect population growth? Cardiovascular Disease: Definition . duration of exposure to drug. (B)Sigmoidal curve Polycyclic disease, such as late blight of potato. Adequate energy intake and diversified diet that includes fruits, vegetables and animal products throughout the life cycle helps ensure that women enter pregnancy and lactation without deficiencies and obtain . in a given class it is sometimes seen that there is a difference in achievement as a result of different factors that affect the academic achievement of students. Body fluid or tissue from the disease site should be collected 15 . Heart disease is a catch-all phrase for a variety of conditions that affect the heart's structure and function. For example, Evangelou et al.'s (2009) summary of the literature pertaining to early years learning and development is a comprehensive review of evidence in respect to the process of development for children and best supportive contexts for Abstract. The principal factor affecting the development of an economy is the natural resources. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SUBMITTED TO ; MRS . MATERNAL NUTRITION Concerns about nutrition during pregnancy fall into basic areas, maternal weight gain and nutrient intake Maternal weight gain - during pregnancy results from variety of factors: Maternal dietary intake, prepregnancy weight and height, length of gestation, and size of fetus. There are some primary and secondary factors, which affect the post-harvest loss of food products. Differences, for example, in nutritional status may vary according to economic variables, nutrition considered a primary factor in health34. When there is a high degree of overlap (as the shaded area becomes larger), there will be a moderate to high amount of disease. 7. 18 - 21 Therefore, to ensure appropriate planning in the drug-development process, PK comparisons should be performed during the early stages, to . Environment • Environment is a composite of many elements, not merely the natural surroundings, but all external conditions, which have an effect on the human health and development. AN INTEGRATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON MEB DEVELOPMENT. Concomitant disease, Tropical disease and nutritional deficiencies:-. conditions and climate variability also can affect human health via indirect path-ways, particularly via changes in biological and ecological processes that influ-ence infectious disease transmission and food yields. Biological factors that affect physical development in childhood include heredity, genetics, and ethnicity. Environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and air pollution also contribute to the onset of allergic disease, asthma, and other respiratory diseases. Factors Effecting The Development of Disease Epidemic 15. Instability of weather conditions, particularly fluctuation in rainfall, is among the chief factors that affect seed production in the region. Pandemics are large-scale outbreaks of infectious disease that can greatly increase morbidity and mortality over a wide geographic area and cause significant economic, social, and political disruption. However, researches explaining the reasons for the spread and dynamics of parasites in . questions regarding factors that influence healthy ECD. Received for publication March 27, 2003; accepted for publication February 10, 2004. This paper explores the level of emotional Intelligence of the faculties in higher education and how it varies across demographics groups. It is a biopsychosocial model of disability, based on In general, there are two factors affecting plant growth and development : genetic and environmental. If a teacher lacks knowledge in a subject, that dearth of understanding is passed along to the students. Factors Affecting Emotional Intelligence. Bacteria can cause a multitude of different infections, ranging in severity from inapparent to . Thus, many aspects relate to the health and disease process. Infection is distinguished from disease, a morbid process that does not necessarily involve infection (diabetes, for example, is a disease with no known causative agent). Ill health is a serious problem impeding progress in most developing countries. ADVERTISEMENTS: Read this article to learn about the basis, isolation and limitations of somaclonal variations and also factors affecting the production of somaclonal variants. Mechanical loss is caused by poor handling from the stage of harvesting to storage. There are many different factors involved in parasitism. HDI Includes 3 Indicators. wellbeing may suffer (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, 2011)." Water is an essential component for the growth of the bacteria. INTRODUCTION The Process Of Growth And Development Starts Before The Baby Born I.E. The genetic variations found in the in vitro cultured cells are collectively referred to as somaclonal variations. Globally, mental disorders account for a disproportionately large percentage . Crop production at the crop level: In the form of an equation: Y = f [G + E + (G x E)] where, Y = yield G = genotype E = environment G x E = interaction of genotype and environment Genotype and Environment. Environmental factors that affect Development of Plant Diseases Environment can determine whether disease will occur or not. PROFESSOR D.Y.P.S.O.N SUBMITTED TO , MISS . Currently, more than one in three individuals in Europe suffers from a disorder of the brain. It is rare that any one of these factors determine child health outcomes, or that they act in a simple causal fashion. Download Table | Factors affecting vaccine effectiveness. development not only to the individual learner but to the society in which such an individual lives and operates. Most common environmental factors that have considerable influence on development of plant disease are temperature and moisture. plant disease - plant disease - Definitions of plant disease: In general, a plant becomes diseased when it is continuously disturbed by some causal agent that results in an abnormal physiological process that disrupts the plant's normal structure, growth, function, or other activities. FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT 2. Development Agency, 2013: 1-5; Ladzani & Netswera, 2009: 14-21). Local factors are those that directly influence the characteristics of the wound itself, while systemic factors are the overall health or disease state of the individual that affect his or her ability to heal (Table 2). The shared environment refers to the environmental factors that were the same for all siblings (e.g. • Risk factors • Burden of disease . The effects of man-made and natural environments (and the interaction between the two) on the development of chronic diseases are increasingly recognized. Life expectancy. Level of genetic resistance or Susceptibility of the host Susceptibility- inherent character, lack of ability to resist the effect of a pathogen or other damaging factors Resistance- the ability of an organism to exclude or overcome completely or in some degree. The genetic factor is also called internal factor because the basis of plant expression (the gene) is located within the cell. plant, a . Several factors cause changes in the genetic structure of a population. Small Businesses are often regarded as high risk operations locally and globally These observations show the importance of the interplay between genetic background and . Genotype - genetic design of a plant which dictates the GDP per Capita. FACTORS AFFECTING. Faculty of educational Institutions were taken as the sample size of 301.Uttar Pradesh has been considered as a geographical location. CROP PRODUCTION Crop production can be viewed from two perspectives: 1 at the CROP level 2 at the SYSTEMS level. Carbon dioxide enters through tiny holes in a plant's leaves, flowers, branches, stems, and roots. FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TIGRAY REGION, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA by BIHON KASSA ABRHA Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject DEVELOPMENT STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF. ESTHER KIBUKA-SEBITOSI July 2015 Student Number: 4551-821-1 Diseases and conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity, etc., can also be passed through genes, thereby affecting the growth and development of the child adversely. The major factors of that favoured Urbanization after the industrial revolution, include, rural-urban migration, push and pull factors, push factors and pull factors, The Pathogenesis is the process by which virus infection leads to disease. The environmental factor is considered external, and refers to all factors, biotic and abiotic, other . Predisposing factors also include hereditary conditions and lifestyle factors. So, environmental conditions frequently determine whether a particular disease will occur or not. Evidence suggests that the likelihood of pandemics has increased over the past century because of increased global travel and integration, urbanization, changes in land use, and greater . It is the leading cause of death in the United States. Plants also require water to make their food. This chapter examines the influences of climatic factors on infectious diseases. When housing is inadequate or unavailable, individual as well as community . For learning to take place effectively, there has to be an Factors affecting development 1. It is important to remember that within each of the three components -host, pathogen, and environment -there are numerous variables that may affect both the incidence and severity of the disease. (Figure 68). Schematic diagram of the interrelationships of the factors involved in plant disease epidemics. Participating in physical activities such as running, climbing, or playing ball will promote normal physical development in early childhood. The progression from LTBI to TB disease may occur at any time, from soon to many years later. Factors that affect the development of epidemic 18. Illness or disease . Factors affecting farmers' adoption of technologies in farming system: A case study in OMon district, Can Tho province, Mekong Delta. The burden of brain disease in Europe continues to rise. adaptation. Infection is the invasion of the host by microorganisms, which then multiply in close association with the host's tissues. For some young people, adherence to these religious Such factors are also being recognized as happening further and further Host factors A. Factors impeding high performance of the seed sector in the region are all interrelated and therefore deserve attention if high quality seed production and utilization is to be achieved. 1. NISHA MANE ASSOC. Proper diet and nutrition during infancy and toddler years will also promote normal growth and physical development. This study was conducted to examine different factors influencing the academic performance of students in higher institution case of Rift valley university Jimma campus Ethiopia. Some authors use the […] JAYS GEORGE 1ST YEAR MSC(N) D.Y.P.S.O.N 2.

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